USES OF ETHANOLIC MALVA SYLVESTRIS LEAVES EXTRACT AS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND IMMUNE STIMULANT IN OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS

Abeer A.M. Afifi

Fish health Dept., Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.

Received 17/ 11/ 2016

Accepted 25/ 12/ 2016

Abstract

This study concern the effect of ethanolic Malva sylvestris leaves extract as immune stimulant in Oreochromis niloticus and its antibacterial and antifungal effect . 50 specimens of O. niloticus were collected alive, randomly subjected to microbial isolation and identification (bacteria and fungi). Ninty apparently healthy O. niloticus, were obtained from Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad,Sharqia, Egypt. The fish were divided into three groups ( in three replicate). Fish of the first group act as a control (T1) in which fed with feed without ethanolic malve leaves extract supplementation during the feeding period and fish of Groups 2and 3 were fed with feed contained 0.5% (T2) and 1% (T3) ethanolic malve leaves extract respectively and the fish were fed two times a day for 28 days. Blood samples were taken at zero day, 1 , 2 and 4 weeks of feeding period. At the end of experiment (after 4 weeks of feeding experiment) the challenge infection with pathogenic Aeromonas sobria was carried out, mortality rate and relative percent of survival were recorded. The result indicated that Heamatocrite, Lysozome and NBT where enhanced in T2 and T3 compared, with control group. Ethanolic Malve leaves extract of concenteration 150 μg /disc had greater effect antibacterial effect against Aeromonas veronii, A. hydrophilla A. jandaei, and A. caviae except Aeromonas sobria and had antifungal effect against Saprolignia, Asperagillus
flavus and Pencillium of concenterationμg 130 /disc. Relative levels of protection were higher in T2 and T3 compared to the control So, ethanolic Malva sylvestris enhanced immune response and disease resistance of O. niloticus.